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Study on the effect of cleaning da Vinci patient side manipulator with steam cleaner

ObjectiveThis study compares the cleaning effect of patient side manipulators (PSMs) through manual cleaning and steam cleaning.MethodsA total of 2 400 contaminated da Vinci PSMs collected from September 2021 to September 2022 were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, each with 1 200 pieces. The control group adopted manual cleaning, and the steps were rinsing with running water, rinsing with a spray gun, bio-washing, ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing and repeating, drying, and sterilization. The experimental group added steam cleaning between the ultrasonic cleaning and the rinsing and repeating, and other steps remained unchanged. The qualification rates of the two groups were recorded and the damage rates of PSMs during the cleaning process were counted.ResultsThe results of visual inspection and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay showed that the qualification rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the damage rate of PSM in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionCleaning PSM with steam cleaner significantly reduces the re-cleaning and damage rates and improves cleaning quality.

Xia Liu, Wei Liu, Fangfang Zhou, Chunyan Zhou, Hong Chen

article 6 Feb 2026

   Editor-in-Chief :

   Yihua Zhao

   ISSN : 2791-2043

   CODEN : SSTUB6 

   Frequency : Quarterly

   Current Issue：

   Issue 4, 2025

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Volume 5  Issue 3，2026 2026年第5卷第3 Issue

  • GUIDE INTERPRETATION

    National Disease Control and Prevention Administration

    DOI：10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2026.3.01
      
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    Chinese Research Hospital Association

    DOI：10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2026.3.02
      
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  • REVIEW ARTICLES

    Arvin Rahmanpour

    DOI：10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2026.3.03
    Abstract：BackgroundThe sterilization of medical instruments is essential for infection prevention and maintaining healthcare quality. Despite comprehensive international guidelines, there are gaps between recommended standards and real-world practices.AimThis narrative review evaluates discrepancies between sterilization guidelines and actual implementation, identifies contributing factors, and presents evidence-based strategies to bridge these gaps.MethodsA narrative review with analytical synthesis was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Literature published from January 2000 through December 2025 was retrieved. Search concepts covered sterilization, sterile processing/CSSD, infection prevention and control, guideline adherence, implementation gaps, monitoring, quality improvement, and healthcare-associated infections. Peer-reviewed studies, review articles, international standards, and guideline documents relevant to sterilization practice were included. The search strategy and database-specific search strings are provided in Appendix A. Evidence was synthesized narratively across knowledge, implementation, and systemic domains.ResultsThe updated evidence continued to demonstrate gaps between recommended sterilization standards and routine practice, particularly in cleaning, preparation, packaging, monitoring, traceability, and quality assurance. Recent evidence in 2025 further identified implementation gaps and demonstrated the potential value of structured quality-improvement approaches, competency-focused interventions, and updated professional guidance.ConclusionsBridging the gap between theory and practice requires integrated technical, educational, organizational, and quality-assurance interventions. Updated 2025 guidance and studies reinforce the importance of standardized workflows, competency-based training, monitoring and traceability, adherence to manufacturers’ instructions for use, and leadership-supported quality improvement.  
    Keywords：Sterilization;Infection control;Patient safety;Healthcare Quality;Implementation Gap;Healthcare-Associated Infections   
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    Xiaomin Li, Yeping Xu, Yi Shan, Jinyan Chen, Yue Li

    DOI：10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2026.3.04
    Abstract：ObjectiveTo systematically review the current practices regarding the use and management of medical cleaning brushes for lumen instrument reprocessing in the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD), identify how brush-associated deficiencies contribute to instrument cleaning failure, and generate evidence to improve lumen instrument cleaning efficacy and ensure reprocessing safety.MethodsDomestic and international literature was retrieved and synthesized. Operational practices, brushing protocols, and reprocessing workflows for reusable cleaning brushes were analyzed.ResultsOperators generally underestimate the importance of cleaning brushes and perform brushing in a non-standardized manner. No consensus exists regarding brushing strokes, angles, or combined operational sequences. Reprocessing protocols for reusable brushes are largely lacking, creating an occult reservoir for cross-infection. These interconnected, reciprocal issues hinder sustained improvement in lumen instrument cleaning efficacy.ConclusionFuture efforts should establish evidence-based criteria for one-to-one matching between brush types and lumen instruments, develop standardized full-workflow operating protocols, and integrate the cleanliness of cleaning brushes into routine quality control surveillance. Concurrent advances in automated brushing systems should be pursued to strengthen the safety of instrument reprocessing and safeguard patient well-being.  
    Keywords：medical cleaning brushes;Central sterile supply department;lumen instruments;cleaning quality;management factors   
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