Latest Issue
      Vol. 3 ， Issue 3 ， 2024

        TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

      • Yang Deng
        Vol. 3, Issue 3, (2024) DOI: 10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2024.3.02
        Abstract：ObjectiveThe present study explores the application effect of remote supervision in public health and provides a basis for its in-depth promotion using an autoclave sterilization intelligent supervision project in stomatology institutions in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.MethodsThe construction and implementation of the autoclave sterilization intelligent supervision project are presented, its advantages and disadvantages of enforcement in public health are analyzed, and recommendations and responses are proposed.ResultsDuring the one-year operation of the project from December 2022 to December 2023, a total of 110 warning data of sterilization equipment were collected, of which 106 were abnormal sterilization durations and 4 were abnormal sterilization temperatures. Autoclave sterilizer biomonitoring reports submitted by medical institutions were reviewed. Five medical institutions were found to violate the law and were investigated and treated following relevant laws and regulations after on-site verification.ConclusionThe autoclave sterilization intelligent supervision project improves the capacity of private and primary medical institutions for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections and thus reduces the risk of infection by further improving the critical early warning system for sterilization in medical institutions, thereby improving the effectiveness of public health supervision.  
        Keywords：Remote supervision;Public health;Stomatology;Autoclave sterilization   
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        Published：2024-11-29

        MONOGRAPHIC STUDY

      • Xia Liu,Wei Liu,Fangfang Zhou,Chunyan Zhou,Hong Chen
        Vol. 3, Issue 3, (2024) DOI: 10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2024.3.03
        Abstract：ObjectiveThis study compares the cleaning effect of patient side manipulators (PSMs) through manual cleaning and steam cleaning.MethodsA total of 2 400 contaminated da Vinci PSMs collected from September 2021 to September 2022 were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, each with 1 200 pieces. The control group adopted manual cleaning, and the steps were rinsing with running water, rinsing with a spray gun, bio-washing, ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing and repeating, drying, and sterilization. The experimental group added steam cleaning between the ultrasonic cleaning and the rinsing and repeating, and other steps remained unchanged. The qualification rates of the two groups were recorded and the damage rates of PSMs during the cleaning process were counted.ResultsThe results of visual inspection and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay showed that the qualification rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the damage rate of PSM in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionCleaning PSM with steam cleaner significantly reduces the re-cleaning and damage rates and improves cleaning quality.  
        Keywords：Steam cleaning;Da Vinci patient side manipulators;cleaning quality;Re-cleaning rate;Damage rate   
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        Published：2024-11-29
      • Yan Lu,Xinhai Zhao,Li Du,Runhan Huang,Yishan Liu,Xiaoju Ma,Huiping Huang
        Vol. 3, Issue 3, (2024) DOI: 10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2024.3.04
        Abstract：ObjectiveThe present study aims to explore the effect of intensive disinfection on preventing cluster infection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsThe environment where a cluster infection with MDRAB occurred in the ICU was disinfected and monitored before and after disinfection. The test results of target bacteria and non-target bacteria by monitoring were compared.ResultsThe first intensive disinfection resulted in an unsatisfactory evaluation of the implementation effect, with no statistical difference between the target bacteria and non-target bacteria before and after disinfection (P>0.05). After a comprehensive review and introspection, the second intensive disinfection was carried out based on departmental needs. The target and non-target bacteria infected or colonized with MDRAB in the ICU were significantly reduced, and the disinfection effect was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the target bacteria were detected on sphygmomanometer cuffs and computer keyboards. After the intensive disinfection, no cluster infection occurred within one year thereafter, and the target bacteria remained at a low level.ConclusionIntensive disinfection in an all-around way is an effective means to reduce the risk of infection or colonization with MDRAB in the ICU and cut off the transmission route. However, the effect of intensive disinfection depends on the strict implementation at each step during disinfection. There exist difficulties to be attached importance to in implementing disinfection.  
        Keywords：Disinfection strengthening;Intensive care unit;Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii;Cluster infection;Effect evaluation   
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        Published：2024-11-29
      • Aiqun Zhu,Xianyang Liu
        Vol. 3, Issue 3, (2024) DOI: 10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2024.3.05
        Abstract：ObjectiveThis study investigates the current status of cleaning and disinfection management of flexible endoscopes in secondary medical institutions and above with central sterile supply departments (CSSDs) in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, China.MethodsA questionnaire was conducted in 21 medical institutions in Xianyang City regarding personnel training, equipment configuration, bedside pretreatment, leak test, cleaning, drying, disinfection, transportation, storage, management, disinfectant usage, quality monitoring, and machine operation of endoscopes.ResultsAmong these medical institutions, 7 are class A tertiary hospitals, and 14 are class A secondary hospitals; 19 (90.48%) have standard endoscopic cleaning and disinfection stations, and 2 (9.52%) do not; 13 (61.9%) adopt manual cleaning and disinfection, 1 (4.76%) adopts mechanical cleaning and disinfection, and 7 (33.33%) adopt both; 7 (33.33%) have endoscopic cleaning and disinfection machine(s), and 14 (66.67%) do not. Drying is performed for each endoscope in 53.38% of the institutions by perfusing lumens with 75% to 95% ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. Drying is conducted intensively after daily consultation in 47.62% of the institutions.ConclusionAll hospitals comply with the basic requirements of standard cleaning and disinfection. However, they have different equipment configurations, training, and assessment. Therefore, these medical institutions shall improve professional competence by continuous training according to standards so that endoscopic cleaning and disinfection are qualified, and the incidence of nosocomial infection is minimized.  
        Keywords：Flexible endoscope;Investigation;Cleaning and disinfection   
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        Published：2024-11-29
      • Defeng Li,Liang Tian,Xieshang Pan,Zhongyi Xie,Lanfen Wei
        Vol. 3, Issue 3, (2024) DOI: 10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2024.3.06
        Abstract：ObjectiveThe present study intends to observe the bactericidal effects of four types of Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) and Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC).MethodsThe bactericidal effects were evaluated using a quantitative suspension test and taking Escherichia coli (E. coli) (8099) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) (ATCC 10231) as the microbial indicators.ResultsWith contact time of 5 minutes and 10 minutes and a killing rate criterion of ≥99.999% for effective bactericidal effects against E. coli, the minimum effective concentrations of the four types of DDAC and BAC were 3 500 mg/L, 3 500 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 125 mg/L, and 350 mg/L, as well as 1 750 mg/L, 1 750 mg/L, 175 mg/L, 125 mg/L, and 250 mg/L, respectively. With a contact time of 5 minutes and 10 minutes and a killing rate criterion of ≥99.99% for effective bactericidal effects against C. albicans, the minimum effective concentrations were >28 000 mg/L, >28 000 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 125 mg/L, and 350 mg/L, as well as >28 000 mg/L, >28 000 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 125 mg/L, and 350 mg/L, respectively.ConclusionCompared with BAC, a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), the bactericidal effects of different DDACs varied substantially, which should be highly emphasized in practice so that QAC disinfectants are applied effectively.  
        Keywords：Dialkyl quaternary ammonium compounds;Benzalkonium Chlorides;Bactericidal effects;Escherichia coli;Candida albicans   
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        Published：2024-11-29
      • Jinyun Gao,Lijun Cai,Tingting Lin,Yanchan Liu,Xingling Deng
        Vol. 3, Issue 3, (2024) DOI: 10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2024.3.07
        Abstract：ObjectiveThe present study aims to observe the cleaning effect of three methods on the phacoemulsification (phaco) silicone tube in ophthalmology.MethodsA total of 142 phaco silicone tubes taken within 2 hours after surgery were divided in three groups randomly. Manual cleaning was applied in Group A (43 cases), the method for cleaning and drying devices for batch cleaning of ophthalmic class A lumen was applied in Group B (46 cases), and the method for cleaning with a negative-pressure vacuum cleaner was applied in Group C (53 cases). The cleaning time was recorded and the cleaning effect was evaluated by three methods, namely, adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay, magnifying glass with light, and air gun.ResultsThe qualified rates of manual cleaning, the method for cleaning and drying devices for batch cleaning of ophthalmic class A lumen, and the method for cleaning with a negative-pressure vacuum cleaner were 95.3%, 94.3%, and 95.7%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The average cleaning duration was 76 seconds per tube, 29.3 seconds per tube, and 69.46 seconds per tube, respectively.ConclusionAll three cleaning methods are available in the clinic, of which the method for cleaning and drying devices for batch cleaning of ophthalmic class A lumen has the highest efficiency.  
        Keywords：Ophthalmology;Phaco surgical instruments;Cleaning effect   
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        Published：2024-11-29
      • Tingting Lin,Chufen Zhuang,Lijun Cai,Xingling Deng
        Vol. 3, Issue 3, (2024) DOI: 10.11910/j.issn.2791-2043.2024.3.08
        Abstract：ObjectiveThe present study aims to validate the minimum water volume and cleaning effect on the cleaning of reusable phacoemulsification (phaco) tips by a standard operating procedure (SOP).MethodsA total of six groups, each with 15 tips, were set depending on the water volume in the cleaning tip lumen of the tips, i.e., 60 ml, 30 ml, 15 ml, 10 ml, 5 ml, and 0 ml. The cleaning procedure complies with the industry SOP. The cleaning effect was detected by visual inspection with a high-pressure air gun and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection with an ATP fluorescence detector.ResultsAll phaco tips cleaned were qualified by visual inspection and ATP detection when the water volume of tip lumen cleaning was not less than 5 ml.ConclusionThe cleaning SOP was applied to clean the reusable phaco tips and the minimum water volume for cleaning tip lumen was 5 ml.  
        Keywords：Phacoemulsification tip;Standard cleaning operating procedure;cataract   
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